My experience and the impact of growing up with a parent with a Essay

My experience and the impact of growing up with a parent with a disability - Essay Example The first teacher in any child’s life is the parent; the parent provides life lessons that will be useful in a child’s life. Most children do not spend quality time with their parents due to tight working schedules. My mother’s disability has restricted her movement; thus, she spends most of her time at home. Having a flexible schedule meant that my mother was always there for me. She assisted me in my studies and taught me that having a positive attitude in life would make me stronger. I was taught never to give up and never shy away from assistance as it always leads to success (Ostalecki 47). Having a disabled mother has made me a social person. My mother ensured that I made friends in my life to help me deal with challenges that I faced. I help my mother by doing errands at home and assisting her with any challenges she may encounter. Through my mother, I have learned the importance of existing in a society where people love and care for others. I have also learned that traits like humility and kindness are valuable for any individual in society. Having a disabled mother has made me a self reliant individual. Although my mother has been there for me emotionally, her disability restricts her from helping me with physical activities. This made me learn and adapt to caring for myself and helping her with physical activities in the house. Compared to other students in my age group, I am capable of doing many basic chores without any assistance. Doing chores and caring for my mother has made me gain physical and emotional strength (Ostalecki 89). I and my mother are close, and we shared a lot as I grew up. Every time I have a troubling issue, I consult her, and she is always there to give me advice. Through her experience, she teaches me to be courageous and never give up. She insists that it is always beneficial to hope when faced with any challenge in life. Her disability has made her strong

People, Organizations and Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

People, Organizations and Management - Essay Example The organization structure depicted narrowed perspectives due to the separateness of the different divisions. Horizontally it was separated in to divisions the two main ones being electronics and sales. Managers must have had difficulties and used a lot of time to relate to sales for instance which is an exclusively different division from product development. Consequently the reactions of the company in response to consumer demands were made more challenging. The organization structure was professional bureaucratic. In addition internal cooperation and effective communication may have been an issue. Oticon’s basic organizational design and structure differs from hotel easy due to its larger size and hence structural concepts likely to be more formal, decisions more central, experience more specialized and operations more complex. Initially, the organization vertically had a tall hierarchy with six levels of management. Easier communication and Decisions made are impeded since these processes become very slow in a company with many layers of hierarchy. The authority is mostly centralized and there was a lot of formalization. This structure does not expose the managers to other fields apart from their own. The managers have not the opportunity to observe how the all the departments interact and collectively perform. Previously option’s executives did not understand the interrelationships and the interdependence between the departments and hence ultimately what results is that the executives are only equipped with experiences in handling top management responsibilities hence the company’s goals and market needs do not mingle as they should. However the structure’s advantages are that it had well defined channels of authority and the structure minimized duplication of personnel and equipment than the one he later adopted. Functional structure makes it easier to monitor. The new C.E.O attempted to change this initial structure to

Physical, Social and Emotional Development of Toddlers

Physical, Social and Emotional Development of Toddlers EVERTHING YOU NEEDED TO KNOW ABOUT TODDLERS PLANNING FOR PARENTING A parenting plan is an arrangement in advance for an unborn baby. The Parenting plan includes time each parent will spend with their baby. The Parenting plan also about the major life decisions such as Education, Health, Safety etc. The parenting plan should be created so that child lives his/her life in a way they want to live. The Child’s needs come first so make sure that your planning plan includes everything a child need before u buy anything for yourself. The parenting planning should include how would you treat your baby and how would you take care of the baby. The parenting plan should include that the baby. The parenting plan should also include exploring the world with your child and telling them everything they ask. The plan could also make sure that if parents separated one of the parents should accept the kid. Develop a plan for their reproductive life. A pregnant woman should intake folic acid at least 400 micrograms. A pregnant woman should check her immunizatio n record for safety of the baby and does not have any medical issues or any other family health history. A woman should be able to cope with her depression and anxiety as it can affect the health of the baby. IMPORTANCE OF HEALTHY PREGNANCY: Health plays major role in pregnancy. A pregnant woman good health’s mean her baby has good health. Women who concentrate more on her eating diets and health would have fewer difficulties during pregnancy and will give birth to a well-developed baby. Alcohol consumption and Smoking should be prohibited as this would affect the baby and could lead to miscarriage. A woman should avoid seafood or any refrigerated meat as it some sea food has mercury in it and could harm the baby. But some fishes like tuna, shrimps can be eaten 6 ounces per week. TODDLER Physical development is a type of development where a child develops by interacting with the world. Physical development includes a toddler growth and ability to use those physical skills. Gross motor development and Fine Motor skills: Gross motor development is a child using the entire body or several parts of the body at one time. Activities like crawling, running and walking are all part of Gross motor development. Fine motor skills involve the coordination and control of small muscles, and skills like holding a rattle, picking up crumbs and scribbling with a pencil. Some areas to look when developing gross motor development and fine motor skills. Muscle tone: A toddler should have a firm control on what he holds on. Muscle strength: A toddler is muscle strength is described by the weight he can pick up. Quality of movements: A toddler would have fast body movements or slow body movement depending upon their body growth Physical development by age one A toddler can stand and sit without support and can control his legs and hands. Physical development by age two A toddler now can run and go up and down the stairs. He would use spoon and fork to eat his meal which shows his/her table manners. A toddler will attempt to dress and have a bladder control. He can kick a ball and can build six blocks of tower. Physical development by age three A toddler can run well and can stand on one foot. A toddler can button and unbutton his/her shirts and can put on his/her own shoes and socks; may not be able to tie shoe laces. INTELLECTUAL DEVELOPMENT Intellectual development is defined as a child’s ability and thinking to explore the world. Toddlers continue to develop their intellectual skills by learning new skills, understanding of certain events and current events and have a certain increase in memory. Toddler now can explain their experiences and their dreams. It is the construction of thought processes, including remembering, problem solving, and decision-making. In childhood, it’s important to develop cognitive skills in a child so he can face problems on his own when he grows up. Intellectual development by age one A parent should use simple gestures to communicate with the toddler at this age. A toddler explores things with shaking, banging and throwing. Intellectual development by age two Toddler now can be able to point what he/she wants and can understand instructions given from their parent A toddler remembers names of familiar people. A toddler can find a hidden object under 2 or 3 covers. Intellectual development by age three A toddler can sort color and shape independently. A toddler can play simple pretend games and can complete a 3-4 pieces of puzzle. A toddler can follow up to 2 instructions at one time like open the jar and take one cookie. EMOTIONAL DEVELOPMENT Emotional development is the growth of child’s emotions, experience, expression and understanding. It is important for parents to accept that their actions and behaviour has a lot of influence on a toddler’s child development. Emotional development by age one A toddler would be shy or afraid with strangers and would show fear in some situations. A toddler shows love and affection to familiar people and would have temper tantrums like screaming, crying and whining. Emotional development by age two A toddler would recognize herself in a photograph or in a mirror. Emotional development by age three A toddler now under SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT PARENTS AND CAREGIVERS CAN DO TO PROMOTE DEVELOPMENT Multiple Ways Parents can boost physical development t in toddlers are: A parent should participate or play with their child for at least 60 to 90 minutes to increase the physical growth of a child. Parents should not let his/her child to spend most of his time on electronic devices. Parents should try to play interesting games with their kid so it could help their bones and maintain a healthy weight. Multiple Ways parents can boost intellectual development in toddlers are: A parent should play games like board games and hide and seek and should help them to identify objects, shapes and colours to increase thinking skills and creativity. LITERARY AND READING TO CHILDREN The development of literacy skill is an important part of a toddler’s life. It helps in other vital skills like socialization, management and working independently. A child should have strong literary development to read, understand, write and speak. It’s important for a toddler to read as it would develop a strong base for literacy skill. A toddler can identify pictures and objects in a book and can talk about them. A toddler knows shapes, knows how words can rhyme and names of familiar people. A toddler should be able to read his books as reading increases thinking and problem solving skills. Multiple Ways parent can boost literary skills are: A parent should read with his toddler and help them understand the book and teach them new words. A parent should ask the toddlers about the picture in the book and talk about it. Talk about your child’s feelings and emotions and try to tell your feelings to them so they can understand. Talk about each other’s day and tell the toddler about your family stories. FOOD CHOICES SAFETY ISSUES AND CONCERNS A toddler’s safety is a parent’s responsibility. Toddlers are too young to understand or learn about safety. They need a safe environment to develop and explore the world. Ways to prevent injuries to your toddlers: Have a first aid in your house so that if a child has a minor fall down, you can treat him. http://www.cyh.com/HealthTopics/HealthTopicDetails.aspx?p=114id=1996np=305 http://raisingchildren.net.au/articles/developing_literacy.html#reading http://www.friendshipcircle.org/blog/2014/06/09/10-ways-to-promote-your-childs-cognitive-development/ http://www.healthline.com/health/pregnancy/healthy-pregnancy#Health1 http://kidztrainer.com/wallpapers/Cute-children-room-design-inspiration-vertbaudet-kid-bedroom#sthash.jrluZSvG.dpbs http://www.kidspot.com.au/discoverycentre/Development-Development-Physical-development-in-babies-and-children+5367+553+article.htm

Essay on the Use of Chiaroscuro in The Scarlet Letter -- Scarlet Lette

Use of Chiaroscuro in The Scarlet Letter  Ã‚      Nathaniel Hawthorne the author of The Scarlet Letter uses the literary device of chiaroscuro to effectively develop his characters.   Hawthorne was born in Salem, Massachusetts in 1804 to a prominent family.   His father passed away on a voyage when he was four years old.   His relatives recognized his talent, and they helped pay his way to Bowdoin College.   Hawthorne and his classmates became the most prominent people in America at that time.   He had many strong ties with important people from attending Bowdoin, such as:   Henry Wadsworth Longfellow and Franklin Pierce.   In 1828, his first novel, Fanshawe was anonymously published at his own expense.   In 1842, he befriended Transcendentalists Ralph Waldo Emerson, Henry David Thoreau, and Bronson Alcott, and married Sophia Peabody, an active member of the Transcendentalist movement.   In 1846, he was appointed surveyor of the Port of Salem where he worked for the next three years, being unable to earn a living a s a writer.   He wrote The Scarlet Letter in 1850, showing the Puritans as hypocrites fixated on sin.   This romance was an immediate success, even though it received many criticisms for its risquà © topic.   In the novel The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne effectively uses chiaroscuro to develop the personalities of Hester Prynne, Pearl, and Arthur Dimmesdale.   Hawthorne uses chiaroscuro to show Hester Prynne as a woman whose sin has overtaken her, and made her impure.   One example of this is:   â€Å"The mother’s†¦medium through which were transmitted to the unborn infant the rays of its moral life; and however white and clear originally, they ... ...  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   In the novel The Scarlet Letter, Hawthorne effectively uses chiaroscuro to develop the personalities of Hester Prynne, Pearl, and Arthur Dimmesdale.   Hawthorne uses chiaroscuro to show the depth of Hester’s guilt and strength of bearing her sin and Arthur’s secret.   Pearl is characterized as radiant through Hawthorne’s vibrant descriptions of her beauty.   He uses the sun to depict the purity of Pearl.   Hawthorne uses shadows to show how Arthur is a meager man compared to Hester, also bearing the sin.   Hawthorne shows Arthur deteriorating from his guilt, while Hester pushes herself to live on and try to overcome it, still always bearing its weight and pain.   In conclusion, chiaroscuro is effectively used by Hawthorne to develop the personalities of his characters.     

Batman: The Dark Knight Trilogy

The function of a hero is inspiration which encourages people to be better and work harder. As described by Abrams, since the beginning of storytelling tales of gods and heroes described mankind’s desires, fears and ideas of an ideal future. Every culture has a different symbol and representation that tries to construct the perfect specimen of human power. In America this desire is described in comic books, the construction of Batman is a prime example.Frank Miller and David Mazzucchelli’s Batman Year One and Batman: Court of the Owl by Scott Snyder discuss the altering battles faced by Batman and illustrate an almost flawless transition of how the characters progress throughout the years. The evolution of modern vigilantism from when comics were first introduced during the Great Depression to current times define their ability to adapt to the ever changing periods faced by society that allows for superheroes to remain relevant. The rise of modern superheroes was when A merica was facing the threat of a war in Europe and dealing with corruption within its own communities.The heroes depicted in comics allowed for people to escape reality during the Great Depression, states Hyde. It gave a sense of false perception to readers that allowed them to hope and ignited a desire to form a superhero as a reaction to the economical hardships as well as domestic crimes. Commissioner James Gordon plays an important role in Batman: Year One, an old version in the Batman series, because he is suspicious of Batman’s vigilante tactics but realizes that he is necessary and a strong ally in order to serve justice.Gordon is first introduced as Police Lieutenant James Gordon who begins working for the Gotham City Police Department after being transferred from Chicago under Commissioner Gillian B. Loeb and Detective Arnold John Flass. Upon arrival Gordon struggles to deal with corrupt officers, who beat up whomever they please. Feeling Gordon’s hesitancy a nd unease, Flass and several other officers decide to give him a beating. Gordon confronts Flass and gives him a baseball bat to defend himself then begins to pummel him as revenge.This describes the deviant behaviors of authoritative figures that choose to abuse their powers, leading the population to believe that the police force isn’t reliable. Thus proving the assumption that superheroes, Batman in this case, were made to understand the chaos people face in reality of modern day times. The physiological mindset of both heroes and villains takes a more realistic turn that separates itself from mythological and fairytale references. Modern comic book superheroes tend to follow the same general pattern in which the hero is estranged or secluded from society.Batman, for example, is a damaged character who witnesses his parents being gunned down which results in him swearing that he would rid Gotham City of evil. Although mythology provides an example of a true hero their vill ains change over time. Myths no longer deal with legends from the bible about the devil or beast and serpents described by the Greeks, the new complexity of the villains is by far more intriguing. Abrams explains how Americans have become fascinated with gangsters and the criminal cultural that surrounds their nature, representing realistic and current dangers of this new era.In Batman: Court of the Owl, which is a new version in the Batman series, the villain is William Cobb who is a Talon, meaning a skilled assassin for the Court of Owls. He boasts having killed several members of the Wayne family. He later attacks his great-grandson, Dick Grayson, because he feels betrayed by him choosing to become a vigilante instead of a Talon like himself. These serial killer tendencies and disgust expressed towards his own blood describe the unstable mental state of murderers throughout time.The creation of a hero without power or superhuman characteristics like Batman made him more relatable during a time period in which the crime rate was high. The popularity of Batman is attributed to people wanting a hero that represents their incapability or lack of being able to confront a problem in society. Batman: Year One establishes the legend of Batman, it is the origin story of a hero and how he learns to strike fear into the hearts of villains. When Batman manages to remove Loeb from office his mission in that comic is complete.The ending shows Gordon standing on a rooftop next to a bat signal waiting for him because of a new threat calling himself the â€Å"Joker. † This means that he has gathered the trust of the people of Gotham, namely Gordon who plays an important role as Commissioner. Batman: Court of the Owls is a continuation of Batman’s legacy but because it is a new version, Synder made it more appealing by adding another urban legend amongst several surrounding Gotham City. The Court of the Owls is a secret organization with tremendous power embark ed in the history of Gotham City.The myth that surrounds their existence is described in a chilling nursery rhyme: â€Å"Beware the Court of Owls that watches all the time, ruling Gotham from a shadowed perch, behind granite and lime. They watch you at your hearth, they watch you in your bed, speak not a whispered word of them, or they’ll send the talon for your head (Synder, pg 36)! † By combining an old urban legend with a more sophisticated version of Batman, the writers tie together the past and the present deeming it more appropriate for this century.The relevance of people’s beliefs in the impossible actions of heroes is due it the recognition and understanding of needing to escape from reality during a time of crisis. Batman is placed in several locations which seem almost impossible for him to escape from but at the last second he manages to reach safety. Batman: Year One shows one incident in which Batman is trapped in an abandoned building and Loeb ord ers bombs, SWAT teams and the Gotham City Police Department to attack. However Batman manages to avoid destruction and fools the police by directing a swarm of bats to head in the opposite direction he was going.Modern comic books have dramatic scenes as well but make sense in the fictional world. In Batman: Court of the Owls Bruce Wayne is attacked by the Talon during a meeting with Lincoln March, a politician with hopes of becoming mayor. They fall out of a window at the old Wayne Tower and Bruce survives by landing on a guardian that was installed by his great-grandfather. Even though it is unlikely for Bruce to survive a fall out of a window, the existence of guardians makes it seem possible. The chances of him living after being having bombs thrown and blasted near him repeatedly are slim to none.These drastic events allow people to continue to have faith in the indestructibility of a superhero. The role of women has progressed in comic books expressing the evolution of how the public regards them over time. Superheroes functionality is bound in imaginary lines that represent the way of dealing with the practicality of how life is perceived during the time period it was written in, such as gender roles and sexuality promiscuity. In Batman: Year One readers are presented with a female named Selina Kyle who is a young prostitute, taking her chances on the streets amongst the poor district of East End in Gotham City.Ottermann states how during 1980’s, when this comic was published, was a time when prostitution was considered part of the norm in most poverty-stricken regions. Inspired by the Caped Crisader himself Selina forms her own costume and becomes Catwoman, but her clothes do not classify as being strong or a leader like Batman’s. Her exterior exudes erotic and sexual appeal as well as her persona by not only describing her as a prostitute but also indicating how her role as a vixen in disguise leads her into choosing the demoralized path of robbery instead of being a heroin.This suggests that female superheroes were practically nonexistent and wouldn’t be able to take on the role or performance level of a male because of their gender inferiority at that age. Batman: Court of the Owls was written in 2011 and women of this generation would be insulted and rally against such publication of oppression. Therefore Synder didn’t mention a female character having no morals because then the appeal and interest of the comic would not apply to females. There was a decline in comic book readers because of what was being published was considered irrelevant by people during this age.The comic book sales dropped increasingly, â€Å"†¦ [as] the market was glutted with titles based solely on the war effort; these titles no longer had an audience and eventually faded away into obscurity (Kelley, pg 11). † The general population wanted to move on from the constant reminders of the struggles faced by American s. They wanted to look forward to a better and stronger future. This lead to the difference in demand from when comic books were first introduced and the few comics that did remain popular were highly competitive. While the approval of comic books was decreasing another problem was brewing in the pop culture society.Publishers, writers and artists received a public denouncement, claiming that comic books were ruining children’s minds regarding their values, morals and education. Dr. Fredric Wertham released a book called Seduction of the Innocent in 1954 which analyzed the deeper meaning behind some of the most popular superheroes. Wertham argued that the details and underlying messages found in the comics encouraged the use of narcotics, gang violence and characterized women as shameless and lewd. As a result, publishers formed the Comics Code in order to prevent further embarrassment and persecution from the government.The comic book industry suffered a major loss of reader s and thus began their gradual climb to regain their popularity. The target audience was older than the previous generations and more educated. Younger writers and artists began publishing comic books that expressed current concerns and social restraints instead of focusing solely on the past war effort. Eventually after â€Å"†¦ decades in America’s cultural gutter, comic books had finally emerged as a respectable and fantastically profitable entertainment industry worthy of a listing on the New York Stock Exchange (Wright pg 280). After revamping the comic book corporation, the business began focusing on producing films based on superheroes in order to make sure that they remained important in American culture. There are no new stories or characters, comic books are not different from any other type of media, they are repetitive. The superhero films retell the same stories with slight modifications and minor differences in art. The first popular Batman movie was made in 1989 and directed by Tim Burton. A few years later in 2005, director Christopher Nolan took a shot at rebooting the characters and placed new ideas with his Batman Begins.Both of the films focused on a particular emotion faced by Batman that was barely addressed in the comics, romance. The portrayal of love in Burton’s film revolved around the relationship of Bruce and Vicki Vale who was in the process of investigating rumors of a figure dressed as a bat fighting crime. After attending a benefit at Wayne Manor, Vicki is charmed into Bruce’s bed and remained with him after learning his second role as Batman. Nolan took on a different approach to the intimacy surrounding Bruce and his childhood best friend Rachel Dawes, who is an assistant district attorney.After revealing his true identity to her, Rachel realizes she cannot love someone who is both Bruce and Batman. The evident loss of this relationship in Nolan’s film is a direct form of connection with the a udience members that states that even superheroes sometimes don’t get the girl. The shared heartbreak of Bruce and the moviegoers demonstrate why Batman has thrived and remains appreciated because of his ability to bond with the public. Although many details and fine points have been tweaked in the comic books and films, Batman’s still a billionaire vigilante out to rid evil in Gotham City.He fights desperately to defend those who are in danger or are in need of assistance and it is the code that stops him from crossing over the line and into the dark side. Batman’s constant struggle to remain in control of his mentality shows how relatable he is, reminding everyone that he is just in fact a human. The comics describe and play his morality throughout. Batman’s one rule is that he is not to kill anyone by his hands, by not stooping to a villain’s level separates him from them.Batman Begins shows a scene in which Bruce is training with the League of Shadows and Henri Ducard says, â€Å"Your compassion is a weakness your enemies will not share,† to which Bruce replies â€Å"That's why it's so important. It separates us from them. † This type of ethics and philosophy has been inbreeded in the Batman series for decades. Publications have stayed true to this principle of righteousness no matter what age, and therefore remaining valid to the most essential law that defines Batman as a crime fighting vigilante.The comic book industry has matured into an American form of art that discusses the implications of morality, self expression and ideals. Superheroes are symbolic and remain popular no matter the time period in which they are reintroduced, not because of their powers but of their representation of something greater. The ability of the Batman series to express the apprehension and tension faced by society shows an understanding and flares a beacon of hope that not all humanity is lost. As times have changed and civ ilization has advanced, superheroes have changed with the growing demands of the population.Sharp explains how comic books have continued to revitalize the one significant detail that allows the Batman series to prevail, the different forms of the Caped Crusader. ‘†Batman is flexible enough to do what different people of different generations want of him (Sharp, pg 2). â€Å"’ Batman’s fundamental beliefs in comic books continue to remain the same even as the world changes. However in the movies, directors take the liberty of altering his rigid judgment in order to appeal to a broader audience. Either way, these changes do not affect the overall respect and approval given by Americans towards these figures of everlasting hope.Work Cited: †¢Abrams, Joshua, â€Å"Vigilante Patriotism: An Exploration of the Modern American Comic Book† (2012). Senior Projects Spring 2012. Paper 10. Web. . †¢Batman. Dir. Tim Burton. By Prince. Perf. Michael Kea ton, Jack Nicholson, Kim Basinger, Billy Dee Williams, and Jack Palance. Warner Bros. , 1989. DVD. †¢Batman Begins. Dir. Christopher Nolan. By Christopher Nolan and David S. Goyer. Prod. Larry J. Franco. Perf. Christian Bale, Michael Caine, Liam Neeson, and Katie Holmes. Warner Bros. , 2005. DVD. †¢Hyde, Douglas. Superheroes rise in tough tiems.CNN Entertainment. 2009 March 20. Web. . †¢Kelley, Mark. The Golden Age of Comic Books: Representations of American Culture from the Great Depression to the Cold War. E-Publications. 2009 April 4. Web. †¢Miller, Frank, and Mazzucchelli, David. Batman: Year One. New York: DC Comics, 1987. Print. †¢Ottermann, Ralf. Review Essay: Qualitative Research on Prostitution in the Early '80s' Red-light Districts of Vienna. Forum Qualitative Sozialforschung. Vol 6. 2005 Nov 2. Web. < http://www. qualitative-research. net/index. php/fqs/article/view/488>. Sharp, Tyler. Batman redefined: Comics expert says success of Dark Knight tr ilogy tied to character examinations, loyalty to storyline. News and Editorial Services. Kansa State University. 2012 July 16. Web. . †¢Snyder, Scott, Capullo, Greg and Glapion, Jonathan. Batman Volume I: The Court of Owls (The New 52). DC Comics, 2011. Print. †¢Wertham, Fredric. Seduction of the Innocent. New York: Rinehart, 1954. Print. †¢Wright, Bradford. Comic Book Nation: The Transformation of Youth Culture in America. Baltimore: John Hopkins UP, 2001. Print.

Walmart Go Green(Washing)

Thinking of the natural disasters happening around the world In 2013, for example, Tornado In Oklahoma, the Unite States, Flash Flood In Gingham, China, Tornado In Salaams, Japan, It Is generally known that the extreme fluctuation of weather and natural disasters are caused by the global warming. Scientists tried to figure out why the global warming exists and concluded that the primary contribution to climate change is from the quantities of heat-trapping gases, such as carbon dioxide (CO) that emit into the atmosphere (Palmer, Charles, and Stefan).There are many factor causes Global warming, such as CO emissions from fossil fuel burning power plants, CO emissions from burning gasoline for transportation, deforestation, increase in usage of chemical fertilizers on farmland, or etc. However, deforestation is the most important causes of global warming, because the deforestation not only releases large amounts of carbon, but also reduce the amount of carbon capture on the planet and a mount of oxygen, clean and fresh alarm for humans and animals.Humans are believed to be the contributor with the rise In level of CO. A huge amount of paper products usage Is the one of satellites and contributes to the mass deforestation of our world. With every passing day, It Is discovered that global warming now is worse than before; people turn to purchase green product with hope to have better world. It seems that â€Å"green† and â€Å"sustainability are everywhere and businesses are all looking for some sort of connection with anything â€Å"green† and â€Å"sustainability.A numerous companies, which gain a large number of profits from society, startup plan to preserve the world environment and promise to help the world live better. However, some companies use greenmailing, misleading green- based advertising campaigns and marketing to increase their sales. In other words, they want only to take this advantage of â€Å"green† to raise their profits. Wa lter, the world's largest retailer, accelerates their environmental concerns by leading In paper consumption reduction.Walter uses a smart packaging on their product to cuts down on their paper packaging usage (â€Å"Global Responsibility). Can Walter's smarter packaging on the products lessen the global warming? American people and some organization and institute doubt in Walter's activities. This act of worry about lobar warming can misinform consumers Walter less cost and high profit. Global Warming and Cutting Trees We all know that high level of CO in atmosphere causes climate change, resulting in natural calamities and yield crop agriculture. Warming of the climate system is unequivocal, as is now evident from observations of increases in global average air and ocean temperatures, wide spread melting if snow and Ice, and rising global average sea level† (Frank 2). Global warming will be good for some area, where Is too cold for agriculture. The global average temperatur e Is quiet rising, but many areas are become drier, drought, and flood. Some areas will be winners, while other will be losers, because the temperature zones where most people live are becoming production and water resources.The global warming is severe issue that everybody should to turn in and help to solve it. Trees play an important role to protect world from heat and trap Carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases. Tree also â€Å"produce oxygen, shade sidewalks, homes and storefronts, cool cities, provide habitat for wildlife, clean the air of pollutants, protect people from harmful ultraviolet rays, absorb storm water, prevent soil erosion, shelter homes from winter winds, beautify ties, and sequester carbon dioxide, a critical role to play in combating global warming† (Oliver 123). Forests help to protect world from heat and improve air quality. Trees help by removing (sequestering) CO from the atmosphere during photosynthesis to form carbohydrates that are used in pla nt structure/function and return oxygen back into the atmosphere as a byproduct† (Bianca). Therefore, trees act as carbon sinks, alleviating the global warming. â€Å"On average, one acre of new forest can sequester about 2. 5 tons of carbon annually. Young trees absorb CO at a rate of 13 pounds per tree each year. Trees reach their most productive stage of carbon storage at about 10 years at which point they are estimated to absorb 48 pounds of CO per year† (Bianca).At that rate, trees release enough oxygen back into the atmosphere for life on earth. Planting trees could reduce carbon and consequently save consumers on utility bills, because trees also reduce the greenhouse effect by shading houses and office buildings. Moreover, when the world cools down, reducing the need for air conditioning, which in turn reduces the amount of fossil fuels burned to produce electricity. To sum up, human being uses paper such as buying nee cereal box, meaning that he or she cut tree , reduced carbon capture, destroyed world air filter and consumed fossil fuels.Greenmailing After some research has revealed that cutting trees has several adverse effects on the climate. Many businesses are sincerely committed to making the world a better, but for some businesses, environmental issues are little more than a convenient advertisement. Some businesses persuade people to buy their products; by claiming that buying their products end environmental issues. In 1999, the Oxford English dictionary defines the word ‘greenmailing in their dictionary as â€Å"disinformation assassinated by an organization so as to present an environmentally responsible public image†.When a firm tried to make advertising that they are environmentally friendly and they are concerning about climate changing, clean air, clear water, or no chemical than on actually putting into place practices that are environmentally friendly. For example, bottled water companies are trying to go gree n, but actually greenmailing, by coming up with catchphrases – partially made out of some sort of plant material. They are trying to convince their customers that drinking their bottled eater reduce plastic waste and they conceal what kind of plants are being used to make this stuff.In 2005 Walter also has announced plan in public to be more environmentally friendly. It launched its sustainability campaign. It set goals to have 100 percent renewable energy, to create zero waste, and to make more environmentally friendly products Jasmine). â€Å"Wall-Mart's environmental goals center around reducing waste, environmentally friendly packaging, offering environmentally more energy efficient† Jasmine). â€Å"On February 1, 2007, Walter unveiled ‘Sustainability 360†², its company-wide emphasis on environmental sustainability' (Annie).In 2008-2009, Walter has taken a zero-waste stance and have started implementing various programs. One of its interesting programs is rethinking packaging reduced paper consumption by redesigning their packaging. However, according to research by the nonprofit Institute for Local Self-Reliance claimed that â€Å"Walter's heavily-promoted sustainability initiatives have done more to improve the company's image than to help the environment† (CTD. In â€Å"Walter Accused of Greenmailing†). This is because of increase in sales after launching sustainability campaign in 2005.Walter's revenue increased from $312 billion in 2005 to $419 lion in 2010 (Stacy 4). This report slightly inspires writers and Journalists to take a closer look at what Walter really care about environmental or short-term profit. Wall-Mart rethinking packaging Walter, the large discount department store in the United States, now has the total area of all U. S. Stores, 698 million square feet, larger than those of the island of Manhattan, 641 million square feet. Furthermore, Walter increases its international store almost tripled, from about 1 ,600 to 4,600 stores.After Walter launched its sustainability campaign in 2005, the number of Americans who had an unfavorable IEEE of Walter decreased from 38 percent to 20 percent in 2010 (Stacy 4); moreover, it sells 35 percent more stuff. Because of the fact that Walter is the largest retail store in the United States and their sales are significant, Americans expect from Walter with environmental issues. Walter is introducing itself the leader of preserve natural resources such as trees, water and fuel. It is trying to find new ways to protect the planet.Working with its suppliers to rethink its processes and product presentation, Walter plans to cut back on their paper products to reduce cutting trees that capture CO and generate fresh air. From toys and footwear to cooking products, Walter has reduced its packaging across the board† (Ron). This large firm improved and redesigned the footwear replenishment boxes by using smarter packaging on its footwear box (see Figure 1). â€Å"Sustainable packaging for shoes has also been revamped† (Ron). â€Å"The new box uses Just a single source of paper, fits multiple pairs of shoes† (â€Å"Global Responsibility').Figure : Old and Redesigned Shoes Box In the result, in 2011, during the first 10 months, Walter used about 14. 4 million footwear replenishment boxes, reducing paper consumption by 692 tons (1 mounds), the environmental equivalent of more than 2,500 trees. Redesigned the footwear box uses 43 percent less paper and reduces costs by 28 percent (â€Å"Global Responsibility'). Conversely, â€Å"each person in the United States uses 749 pounds (keg) of paper every year† (Sam). In other words, now current U. S. Population is 316. 80 million, so the total paper consumption per year is 118,641,600 tons (237,283,200,000 pounds).If comparing the reduced number paper consumption of Walter to paper consumption of all people in the United States per year, it is very Is Walte r Going Green? Wall-Mart's steps to saving world's resources are admirable; however, the company has a long way to go proving their commitment about the environment issues to people. Some writers and Journalists consequently may think that Walter is environmentally destructive and greedy. However, â€Å"some businesses are indeed as destructive as many suspect, others are among the world's strongest positive forces for environmental sustainability' Oared 273).Therefore, what Walter have done to keep the planet healthy, lessen global warming, it is a good start for saving the world. The magnitude and cause of global climate change are huge. Only Walter cannot hanged the world. To resolve the climate change, individual has essential powerless to change the world or to make sustainable future. â€Å"None of us can change the world single-handedly' (Alex 270) and if people wants â€Å"to work at this work alone[, it] is to fail† (CTD. In â€Å"On Earth Day'). Since this truth is well known, why Walter is still working with smart packaging project.The reasons that Walter's chief executives raise their global warming concerns are saving their money, avoiding environmental disasters and reducing criticism from employees, consumers and government Oared 273). In this case, it may be called win-win situation. Not only Walter can save their costs, but also world can lose lesser natural resources. Moreover, â€Å"[w]e have to balance the environmental against the economy Oared 274). Even Walter get high sales, but the number of profits that it get lesser than the amount of money that it will be used to try to fix the environmental problem.According to John Holders, the top White House science advisor, stated that â€Å"solving problems of climate change would cost the United States 2 percent of our gross domestic product by the year 2050, but that not solving those problems would damage the economy by 20 percent o 30 percent of G. D. P† (CTD. In â€Å"W ill Big Business Save the Earth†). However, if Walter really want to reduce paper consumption permanently, a key challenge to long-term sustainability is less consumption. These days, people do not buy only what they want, they buy too much products.Companies offer promotion to attract customers to buy more. Conclusion Carbon dioxide emitted to atmosphere and makes the world hotter. Deforestation causes carbon emission, which can trap heat and raise global average temperature by 2-3 Celsius within next 50 years, without resolving this environmental issue. The rise in temperature impacts such as poor agriculture, food production and water resources, which cause people living. Tree plays an important role to capture CO. Using more paper, tree is more being cut. Several large firms are trying to help this environmental issue, global warming.People turn in to buy green product with believe that buying green products can lessen the global warming or climate change. However, Some bu siness are trying to take this advantage, by producing fake green product or slogan with Just attractive customers to buy, but not alleviate global warming issue. Walter, in this case, has several programs to help, but important one is smart packaging, which reduce paper consumption. The amount of paper usage is not low significant but this is a good start for one company to lessen global promotion to attractive customers buy more than they need.Since the root of the problems of climate change is over purchasing and needing more convenient life. Therefore, if Walter really wants to make the better world and away from people's criticism, it should sell their product less. Work Cited Bordello, Bianca. â€Å"Trees Improve Our Air Quality. † Web log post. Trees Improve Our Air Quality. The Dillydally Family Foundation and the Mississippi Forestry Commission, n. D. Web. 01 Deck. 2013. Club, Oliver E. â€Å"Climate Help from the Plant World. † Global Warming Solutions: A Con cerned Citizen's Guide to Climate Protection. United States: O.This website provides information about how Wall-Mart responsible for environment. It claims that Wall-Mart has reduced â€Å"paper consumption by 692 tons, the environmental equivalent of more than 2,500 trees† by improving footwear packaging. We can use this data and calculate at ‘paper calculator' from Environmental Paper Network website to see how this amount of paper usage will impact to wood use and greenhouse gas. Jarred, Diamond. Will Big Business Save the Earth?. Envision in Depth: Reading, Writing, and Researching Arguments. Second deed. Boston: Pearson/Longing, 2011. 272-75. Print.This article discusses about environment concerns by big corporate such as Wall-Mart. The company maintains sustainable resource levels. This is an elemental to my research because I would like to prove that paper consumption cause climate change. Realization about concern by corporation is a basis of decline in paper co nsumption. This article provides an example about how Wall-Mart is trying to save cost and save environment. The author states that â€Å"Wall-Mart stores eventual AOL is to end up with no packaging waste†, showing that Wall-Mart and its client are trying to reduce paper consumption with their packaging. 013.. This publication is very fundamental to my research. It provides the truth about Walter from 2005-2010. The author does not believe that what Walter is trying to do to help the world or make the better world, cannot really help. That is just Walter want to increase its profit. This article is for general people or blob reader, who are also doubt in Walter mislead customer their making profit. Palmer, Charles, and Stefan Engel. Avoided Deforestation: Prospects for Mitigating Climate Change. New York: Rutledge, 2009. Print.This academic is very useful for my research because it provides that deforestation and forest degradation have been defined as environmental key probl ems. It claims that deforestation causes carbon emission, which trap heat and raise global average temperature by 2-3 Celsius within next 50 years. The rise in temperature impacts such as poor agriculture, food production and water resources, which cause people living. Participant, Frank T. â€Å"Introduction. † Global Climate Change: The Technology Challenge. Volt. 38. Torched: Springer, 2011. 2. Print. This academic is very helpful. It gives several examples of Climate change.This chapter aims to provide a succinct integration of the projected warming the earth is likely to experience in the decades ahead. It also provides the sustainability challenge for resolve climate change. This academic is for higher education students who really want to study about solution for climate change. Easiness, Ron. â€Å"Perfect Score: Walter's Packaging Scorecard. † Web log post. Packaging Gateway. Cable, 12 Novo. 2012. Web. 01 Deck. 2013. This article is written by senior consumpti on by improving footwear packaging. Walter redesign from toys and footwear to cooking products.

Canadian Interest Groups essays

Canadian Interest Groups essays Interest group representation in Canada identifies society's influence on the governing body and the policies decided upon in the legislative setting. The composition of interest groups has evolved over time and has lead to study of three distinct approaches to the power the representational groups have. The growth and change of interests in the Canadian state are dependent upon the structure between societal and government values. An interest group refers to "a group of individuals bound together to excerpt pressure upon the government to achieve a common goal and acquire a common benefit." The Canadian government can not deal with the immense responsibility, which is delegated to it without interacting with every "major sector of national institutional structure." The interaction gives interest groups a great deal of power because they provide the organization and the knowledge required by the government to oversee the numerous demands and then present the issues back to the government in an easily understandable process. Single issues or individual influence groups are the basic building blocks of modern pressure groups. Every interest is "seen as expressing a combined purpose" of individuals that have come together to achieve certain objectives. These groups have limited organizational skills and lack the knowledge of government to succeed in the few specific issues on their objective. Single issues interest groups usually have a fluid membership base, which use the media and extreme action to obtain their goals. The groups usually are fighting for a change in private or public policy they find unfair of unjust. These groups tend to disband when they reach their goals (or concede defeat). Although single interests groups are not completely ineffective, their "tendency towards fanaticism" makes them not well liked in the beacratic community and in turn do not stay around for to long. The main key to success for these g...

How to Stop Running Out of Time on SAT Math

How to Stop Running Out of Time on SAT Math SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips The SAT is designed to be taken by every high school student in the country, which means it can only test math concepts that every student has had experience with. The way the creators of the test make it hard is by presenting questions in unusual ways- ways that you never see in your math classes- and by putting you on a strict time crunch. If you've ever started freaking out at the end of an SAT Math section, unsure how you're ever going to get through the entire section, you know exactly what we mean. But don't despair! In this guide, we'll walk you through the timing of the test and teach you how to beat the clock and maximize your time on the SAT. Breakdown of the SAT Math Sections by Time The SAT Math section is divided into two parts- one where you can use a calculator and one where you can't. The no calculator part of SAT Math will always be the third section of the text, and the calculator part will always be the fourth section of the test. Both of these sections will be primarily multiple choice, with a few grid-in questions at the end of each section. Here's a chart showing the format of SAT Math. Section Time in Minutes # of Questions Time per Question Math No Calculator 25 20 75 seconds Math Calculator 55 38 87 seconds No Calculator Section In this section, you'll have 25 minutes to answer 20 questions, which gives you about 75 seconds to answer each question. The first 15 questions in this section are multiple choice, and the last five are grid-in. Calculator Section For the calculator section, you'll have 55 minutes to answer 38 questions. This gives you about 87 seconds per question. The first 30 questions are multiple choice, and the last eight questions in this section are grid-in. A little more than a minute to a minute and a half per question may not seem like a lot of time (especially if you start to panic or freeze up), but almost every SAT Math problem can be solved well under one minute if you are familiar with how to approach the problem. When you become familiar with the typical SAT question patterns, you can get faster at both understanding what these weird questions are asking and in finding quick solutions and shortcuts. Keep reading to learn how to do that! How to Develop a Time-Saving Strategy for SAT Math In this section, we go over the three steps you should take in order to develop your strategy for maximizing your time on the SAT. After that, we explain how SAT Math scoring works then dive into the time-saving strategies you should follow. Step 1: Determine Your Target Score You first want to figure out what your goal score for the SAT is. You may find that, based on the schools you're interested in, you don't even need to worry about raising your Math score. Your goal score is based on the average SAT scores of accepted students of the schools you want to apply to. For a step-by-step explanation on how to figure out what SAT score you should aim for, check out our guide specifically on the subject. Your target Math score will be a scaled score, the score out of 800 that you'll see on your score report. To figure out how many questions you need to get right to meet your target score, you'll need to convert that score into a raw score. We explain how to do that in the next section. Step 2: Take a Practice Test If you haven't already, after you figure out your target SAT score, you should take a practice SAT (or at least just an SAT Math section). This will give you an idea of how well you're currently scoring and how much you need to improve by. If you need help scoring your SAT Math section, check out the next section. You should know both your current raw and scaled SAT Math scores before moving onto the time-saving strategies. Step 3: Follow the Strategy That Fits Your Current Scoring Level Your strategy for buying yourself more time depends on both your initial score range and your target score (and will evolve as your scores change). We’ve organized these time-maximizing strategies into four categories: general time-saving tips for all levels, tips if you’re currently scoring below 400 in Math, if you’re scoring between 400 and 600, and if you’re scoring over 600. Most of the time-saving strategies rely on you "skipping" the hardest questions on SAT Math to focus more time on questions you have a higher chance of answering correctly. When we refer to skipping questions on the SAT, we mean not trying to solve the problem and instead just guessing on the answer. Since there are no point deductions for wrong answers, you should always answer every SAT question, even if you just choose a random answer, since you may get lucky and choose the right answer! How to Calculate Your SAT Math Goal Before you move to the strategy that suits your current Math score level, it’s a good idea to understand the relationship between your scaled score and your raw score. In this section, we explain the different SAT Math scores and how to calculate them so you can figure out what your goal score is and where you're currently scoring on SAT Math. Your raw score is simply the number of SAT Math questions you answered correctly. This number is then converted into a scaled score out of 800. The scaled score is the score you see on your score report. To calculate your raw Math score, take a practice SAT Math section, then just add up the number of questions you answered correctly in both SAT Math parts. (There is no penalty for incorrect or skipped questions.) This number will be out of 58. Then, look at the chart below, find your raw score, and see which scaled score it corresponds to. For example, if you answered 30 Math questions correctly, that means your raw score is 30 and your scaled score is 530. Every SAT will have a slightly different raw to scaled score conversion, but using this chart will give you a good estimate of what score you'd get on SAT Math. Raw Score Math SectionScaled Score 58 800 57 790 56 780 55 760 54 750 53 740 52 730 51 710 50 700 49 690 48 680 47 670 46 670 45 660 44 650 43 640 42 630 41 620 40 610 39 600 38 600 37 590 36 580 35 570 34 560 33 560 32 550 31 540 30 530 29 520 28 520 27 510 26 500 25 490 24 480 23 480 22 470 21 460 20 450 19 440 18 430 17 420 16 410 15 390 14 380 13 370 12 360 340 10 330 9 320 8 310 7 290 6 280 5 260 4 240 3 230 2 210 1 200 0 200 Once you've figured out your SAT goal score, you can also use this chart to figure out what raw score you need for SAT Math to reach that goal score. You can then use this info to determine how many SAT Math questions you should answer to reach your target score. For example, if your target score on SAT Math is a 570, then your target raw score is 35, and you should plan to answer about 41 or 42 questions. This will allow you to get a few questions wrong and still meet your goal. Remember that questions on the Math section are roughly ordered by level of difficulty, with the easiest questions coming first and the hardest questions coming at the end of the section. So, if you’re scoring below a 600, guess randomly on the last questions of each section and only attempt to solve the questions in the beginning and middle. For students scoring in the 600 or above range, it’s going to be in your best interest to try to solve most, if not every, problem. The exception to the rule of difficulty level is in the section with grid-ins. The multiple choice questions of that section go from â€Å"easy† to medium to hard and then resets in the grid-in. So the first question of the grid-in is going to be more straightforward and less challenging than the last question of the multiple choice. Want to learn more about the SAT but tired of reading blog articles? Then you'll love our free, SAT prep livestreams. Designed and led by PrepScholar SAT experts, these live video events are a great resource for students and parents looking to learn more about the SAT and SAT prep. Click on the button below to register for one of our livestreams today! Practice your timing strategies, and you'll find you have time enough to complete each section 8 Time-Saving Tips for All SAT Math Scoring Levels Whatever your current score, these strategies will help you to beat the clock come test day. Read through these tips first, then go onto the strategies specifically for your current score level. #1: Familiarize Yourself With the Test Ahead of Time The instructions are the same at the beginning of every math section on every SAT. Read them ahead of time so you don’t waste time on test day. Familiarize yourself with the structure of the test until it feels more comfortable and less foreign. #2: Practice, Practice, Practice Sit down with a test at home and take it timed. Get used to both the types of questions on the test and the pacing you’ll need to finish on time. We recommend taking at least three full-length SATs before exam day so you're well prepared. #3: Learn to Let Go of a Question It can be very tempting to sit and try to puzzle a question out, but you have to learn how to be more ruthless, both with how you answer questions and in choosing which questions to answer. Each and every question is worth the same amount of points, so pick the questions you can solve easiest and fastest first and then try the more time-consuming ones. If you look at a question and have no idea how you would go about solving it, mark it and move on. Sometimes moving on and coming back to a question later can trigger your mind to think of a new approach. #4: Eliminate Answer Choices As you go through the test, write on your booklet. Write in the angles and lengths you’re given, draw diagrams, and, most importantly, eliminate wrong answers. Often, you’ll be given a range of choices, one or two of which will be wildly wrong. Do yourself a time-saving favor and cross these off your booklet immediately. The faster and more efficiently you can eliminate your wrong answer choices, the better off you’ll be when solving for the right answer. And bonus! Sometimes you will be able to eliminate all but one or two answer options. You don’t necessarily have to know a particular answer is right if you know that the rest are unmistakably wrong. #5: Identify Problems That Will Take a Long Time Sometimes a problem is not necessarily difficult to solve, but is instead a time-suck. Identify these and save them for last. If this is a multiple-choice question, it is a particularly good time to use process of elimination on some of the answer choices. That way, if you need to mark the question to come back to it later, you’ve already narrowed down your potential answer options. #6: Identify Your Areas of Weakness It’s not enough to simply practice the test over and over again if you continue to make the same mistakes with regards to your timing. Identify which types of problems are the most difficult for you or take you the longest amount of time and save those for last. Are they usually geometry problems? Word problems? Probabilities? As you get more used to the test and the types of math questions/concepts that appear, see if there are faster or easier ways to solve the questions that take you the most time. Sometimes this can be remembering the properties of special right triangles, like a 30, 60, 90 triangles, so that you don’t have to take the time to find the side lengths via the Pythagorean theorem. Sometimes it might mean using plugging in answers or plugging in your own numbers instead of trying to solve the problem algebraically. #7: Don't Worry About Anyone Else's Pacing As much as possible, ignore everyone else in the room while you're taking your test. If you start to worry about how much faster or slower other people are taking the test, you will lose your focus. Concentrate on your test alone and disregard everyone else's pacing. Your test and your goals are all that matter. #8: Use Skipping Strategies and Study Strategies According to Your Current Score Level and Target Score As your scores increase, your strategies will change. For now, take a practice test and determine both your raw score and your curved score and understand how the test is scored. Then, use the time-saving strategies that best suit you for your current level. One of the best ways to have more time on SAT Math is to skip and guess randomly on the hardest questions and concentrate more time on the questions you can answer more easily. We go over this in more detail in the next section. This is a race against the clock, not a race against anyone else Time-Saving Strategies: If You’re Currently Scoring Below 400 If scoring 400 and below and aiming for a 500, you will need to get a raw score of 26. Your biggest time-saving asset will be in skipping questions (again, by skipping questions, we mean not trying to solve them and instead just choosing a random answer. Always choose an answer for every SAT question!). Considering there is a potential raw point possibility of 58, at a 400-level you can answer less than half of all the questions available and still get a 500! You just have to pick the right questions to answer to make sure you can get the correct answer. For example, if you answer just questions 1-10 and 16-17 in the no calculator section (the easiest of the multiple choice and grid-ins) and questions 1-18 and 31-33 on the calculator section, you’ll be answering 33 questions total. Giving yourself room for some of them to be wrong, you’re now likely to be scoring somewhere in the 500’s range. And best of all, you’ve saved yourself a tremendous amount of time! If you just answer just 12 questions on the no calculator section, you'll have about two minutes to answer each question, and if you answer just 21 questions on the calculator section, you'll have over 2.5 minutes per question. You’ve practically doubled your time on the test just by skipping the most difficult and time-consuming questions. This will give you a chance to breathe and may even give you enough time to check over your work to make sure your answers are all correct. The SAT is all about steady pacing. Time-Saving Strategies: If You’re Currently Scoring Between 400 and 600 If you’re scoring a 500 and aiming for 600, you’ll need a raw score of 39. This means you can still skip and just mark random answers for a significant number of Math questions and still get a 600! By skipping the more difficult and time-consuming questions, you’ll free up time and energy to work on the questions you feel comfortable and confident about. This may even give you time to go back and check your work (something we always recommend). Allowing yourself to get a few questions wrong, attempt to solve 45 or 46 questions in order to meet your raw score goal of 39. As a start, try questions 1-16 on the no calculator section and 1-25 and 31-35 on the calculator section. Allowing for the occasional wrong answer, this should save you precious time and still get you scoring in your target range. If you follow those guidelines, you’ll now have 94 seconds per question on the no calculator section (up from 75 seconds) and about 0 seconds per question on the calculator section (up from 87 seconds). It may not seem like much, but it increases your time by about a third for the entire Math section! You are capable of succeeding on the SAT. Stay calm, practice, and don't panic. Time-Saving Strategies: If You’re Currently Scoring 600 or Above If you’re in or above the 600 range, you will be attempting (although not necessarily answering) every question on the test. At your score level, you will at least look at every question to determine if it is one you know how to do. For you, understanding how to complete the questions faster will be more useful than skipping questions to buy more time. Luckily, almost every question on the SAT can be solved in multiple different ways. Your job is to become used to solving problems in the â€Å"short cut† way, rather than the formal way you’re probably used to doing math in the classroom. For questions with multiple variables in particular, it can save you both time and give you increased accuracy to plug in your own numbers. If you’re able to solve questions by using shortcuts, you’ll have time enough to finish the test and maybe even check your work over again (which we always recommend whenever possible). And if you’re a 600 and above scorer, it will serve you well to memorize your most important formulas, both ones you are given and ones you are not given. This will save you time flipping to the front of each section to look up the necessary formulas. It will also give you enough time after you’ve solved a problem to plug in the answer to double check if it is correct. Plugging in the answers (PIA) is always a useful tool to have, but it can take time to use as an initial solving method if you feel pressed for time. If you’re feeling like you’re going too slowly through the test and are most concerned about speed, solve the problem via a formula and then double check with PIA. If you’re more concerned with initial accuracy and/or don’t like using formulas, solve with PIA from the start. Sometimes the best way to approach a problem is to simply go around it If You're Time Pressured, Remember This and Breathe Though the Math sections of the SAT deliberately test your ability to think well under time pressure, you can find ways to maximize the time you’re given and get the best score possible. By familiarizing yourself with the test, finding ways to eliminate answers, and by skipping the most time-consuming questions, you can find your best possible test-taking pace. What's Next? Now that you know the best ways to buy more time onthe SAT, it might be a good idea to refresh yourself on both the must-know formulasand the general content covered by the SAT math. For those of you who are going for a score of 700 or above, check out our article onHow to Get an 800 on the SAT Mathby a perfect SAT-Scorer. Currently scoring in the low or mid-range?Look no further than our article onhow to improve your score if you're currently scoring below 600. Want to improve your SAT score by 160 points? Check out our best-in-class online SAT prep program. We guarantee your money back if you don't improve your SAT score by 160 points or more. Our program is entirely online, and it customizes your prep program to your strengths and weaknesses. We also feature thousands of practice questions, 6 official SAT practice tests, and personal feedback on your essays from an expert instructor. Check out our 5-day free trial:

The Name of the Rose

The Name of the Rose The Name of the Rose The Name of the Rose By Maeve Maddox Spring is in the air so I feel like writing about flowers. One of my all-time favorites is the rose. Most people can quote Juliet’s comment about the name of the rose: Whats in a name? that which we call a rose By any other name would smell as sweet. And there’s Gertrude Stein’s â€Å"A rose is a rose is a rose.† Sometimes, however, a â€Å"rose† is not a rose. The rose family (Rosaceae) includes about 2,930 species in 95 genera. Among the 95 genera is the genus Rosa Linnaeus, which is divided into four subgenera, one of which is Rosa, the subgenus that Juliet and Gertrude had in mind. Roses have been shedding their fragrance on the air since before there were human beings to inhale it. The ancestors of the roses in modern gardens originated in the Tertiary Period, about 70 million years ago. Ancient Chinese and the Egyptian gardeners are believed to be the first to begin selective breeding of roses for color. Here’s a simplified example of the taxonomy of a rose, based on the USDA.gov site: Kingdom: Plantae (Plants) Division: Magnoliophyta (Flowering plants) Family: Rosaceae (Rose family) Genus: Rosa L. (the L. is for Linnaeus.) Subgenus: Rosa Common name: Rose Rosa contains from 100 to 150 species and thousands of cultivars, with more being introduced all the time. A cultivar is a plant variety that has arisen from cultivation. English rosarian David Austin, for example, has developed more than 190 rose cultivars since 1961. When shopping for roses, it’s enough to know the name of the cultivar. Some popular cultivars are ‘Knockout,’ ‘Peace,’ ‘Abraham Darby,’ ‘Queen Elizabeth,’ ‘Don Juan,’ ‘William Shakespeare 2000,’ and ‘Mr. Lincoln.’ When plants are identified by genus, species, and cultivar, the genus name is capitalized, the species name written in lowercase, and the cultivar name is enclosed in single quotation marks. To illustrate how the three terms are used, here are five plants whose common names contain the word rose, but which are unrelated to the rose of poetry. I’ve included the Family name to show that they do not belong to Rosaceae. In each three-word description, the first word is the genus, the second is the species, and the third is the cultivar. moss rose Family: Portulacaceae (aka Purslane) Example: Portulaca grandiflora ‘Happy Hour’ rose of Sharon Family: Malvaceae Example: Hibiscus syriacus ‘White Chiffon’ Lenten rose Family: Ranunculaceae Example: Helleborus  orientalis ‘Kingston Cardinal’ Christmas rose Family Ranunculaceae Example: Helleborus niger ‘Eva’ primrose Family: Primulaceae Example: Primula vulgaris ‘Arctic Mix’ Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Vocabulary category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:Addressing A Letter to Two People16 Misquoted Quotations90 Verbs Starting with â€Å"Ex-†

Learning Theories of Albert Bendura Research Paper

Learning Theories of Albert Bendura - Research Paper Example Similarly, Bandura held that all sorts of learning cannot be products of reinforcement and held that social and psychological factors are associated with the process of learning. He propagated the theory of social cognitive learning and emphasized on observational learning and modeling. Similarly, Bandura also introduced several other important concepts, including reciprocal determinism, self-efficacy, self-regulation which have been beneficial to the understanding of human learning and subsequent behavior formation. In short, Bandura advocates behavior modeling and observational learning whereby a person observes and then imitates the behavior of people who are around him and whose actions motivate him.  Ã‚   While the behavioralists held that it is the environment that causes one’s behavior, Bandura went a step forward and propagated his reciprocal determinism whereby he argued that â€Å"behavior causes environment† just as environment causes behavior (Boeree 2006). He viewed human personality as an interaction of three factors-â€Å"the environment, behavior, and the person’s psychological processes† and believed that man’s cognitive faculties play a pivotal role in the formation of one’s personality (Boeree 2006). The psychological processes comprise of one’s ability to entertain images in minds and language. Bandura thus believed that learning occurs in the social context and that people learn from one another.  Ã‚   The social learning theory has been considered as Bandura’s major contribution to the field of psychology and learning. The social learning theory blends together cognitive and behavioral frameworks and the theory stresses the importance of observing and modeling on the behaviors, attitudes, and emotional reactions of others. For Engler (2008), Bandura maintains an agentic perspective in his socio-cognitive view of personality.  

Advantages of Establishing a Chemical Production Plant in Bhopal India Assignment

Advantages of Establishing a Chemical Production Plant in Bhopal India - Assignment Example The researcher states that each foreign country has its own statutory safety and environmental guidelines which could affect the success or failure of a manufacturing company. As an engineer who has been a successful corporate manager for a chemical production company, I have written this report to guide the management before establishing at least one production company in Indonesia within the next ten years. Based on the gathered ethical and legal issues in each target country, recommended solutions on how we could effectively decrease the risk of losing the large sum of money due to the difference in business and cultural practices will be tackled in details. Expanding the business in Bhopal India could offer the business more competitive advantages as compared to its competitors. Aside from the relatively low cost of labor, other operational necessities such as raw materials, electricity, taxes, and transportation costs are also competitive. Basically, the cost savings that the co mpany can get out of establishing a chemical plant in Bhopal or Kazakhstan will enable the company to sell the finish products at a more competitive price without the need to sacrifice its quality. As a chemical manufacturing plant, it is but ethical for plant managers to learn more and train employees regarding the socially and legally accepted staffing policy, health and safety management, the health and social consequences of establishing the chemical plant close to a densely populated geographic area, the toxicity of chemicals being manufactured at the chemical plant, and the proper way of handling and disposing the chemicals. Â  Likewise, it is equally important for the plant managers to develop proper emergency response strategies and train employees on how to cut down the harmful effects of these chemicals in case of emergency. All these are necessary in order to avoid unnecessary law suites which can be filed against the company.

Research Design Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Research Design - Essay Example In order to effectively carry out the rigorous inquiry, we need to have a proper research design in place which will ensure that there is organized inquiry of this information. A good research design will assist the research to carry out an inquiry in the most organized manner. It will help to collect the most valid data and analyze it in a way that it supports the claims of the research. (Ktichin and Tate, 2005) A research design is the most important tool in any research which aids in the data collection procedure. A research design represent the organized manner in which the research will select is samples, collect data and analyze it. Research design is the main engine which drives the research and which determines the validity of the data collected and analyzed. Therefore it is the most important tool that will act as the guideline for carrying out the research process. (Clifford and valentine, 2003) Any research must employ a good research design in order to effectively carry out the data collection process. There are some key elements that are used to assess the effectiveness of the research design. The following are some of the important elements that mark a good research design; (Punch, 2006) A research is usually set out in order to carry out a systematic inquiry into a problem. A research does not start from nowhere but it starts from a point. This means that there has to be a problem or an issue that is to be clearly researched or that will be looked into. A research question is important as it determine the overall direction that the research will take. The research question should be framed such that it will lead to the discovery of new knowledge. (Punch, 2006) This means that are research topic must be new and likely to add to the existing body of knowledge. It has to be narrowed down in order to address a specific area. It has to be backed by enough literature which means that there has to be wide research on the topic before deciding to research on it. The research topic must be original and relevant to the subject of stud. In this case it has to be a geographical issue. There should be considerations on the practicability of carrying out a research on the specif ic topic as far as elements of time, cost, equipment, expertise, and others are concerned. The review of the literature will help you to identify the research gap and identification of the research topic to be carried out. It will also help you to identify the best method that can be used to carry out the research so as not to repeat the failed methods that may have been applied before and to choose the best method that may have been used before. (Parson and Knight, 2005) The nature of the design A research design should be so casual. This means that it must employ scientific means of inquires and follow all the required procedures. In this case

Remedies to Reduce Causes of Unproductive Conflict Essay

Remedies to Reduce Causes of Unproductive Conflict - Essay Example This essay stresses that  the manager of the store, Janice, never delegates responsibilities, and does not communicate policies from the corporate headquarters. There is also an unfair distribution of merit bonuses, which reflects discrimination at the workplace. This indicates poor communication, poor delegation of responsibilities, and unfairness at the workplace which cause high level of conflict at the workplace.  According to the report findings  to reduce the causes of conflict, it is important to delegate responsibilities effectively and given junior managers an opportunity to participate in decision making. This can be achieved by providing supportive infrastructure and power structure. In terms of supportive infrastructure, the company should encourage good budgeting approach, confidentiality, value alignment, top management support, and effective feedback mechanism. The power structure should also be improved to include delegated power, disbursed decision making, and collaborative task performance.  The problem experienced at Main Street Bakeries, store seventy-five is that the top management is not supportive. Janice fails to provide fair bonuses and support at the workplace. The changes made are not communicated, and employees fail to understand the need for such changes.  Supportive infrastructure should be developed to resolve this problem. The upper management should develop values and virtues that guide responsibilities in every organizational level.

Managing information centre in health sector Essay

Managing information centre in health sector - Essay Example The comparison of information management in the health sector as compared to any other organization leads us to notice that apart from the very ‘importance’ of information management and the urgent ‘need’ of it in the health sector it works pretty much in the same way. The health sector competes within itself with various institutions just like any other organizations, the aim is to increase the efficiency or to increase the value of the work done at a lesser cost, and most of it is a duplicate of what other organizations employ. But what is different is the mass sharing of information in a productive manner in order to improve social health overall and speed up the diagnosis to treatment ratio. While other organizations mostly share a major part of their information within itself out of competition, the health sector doesn’t. All of its focus is on the treatment of the patients and of course, the revenue generated regardless of which medical organiza tions do not hold back crucial information. What currently the information management centers are focusing upon is termed as a paradigm shift which may be elaborated by saying that the main effort is upon providing better quality at a relatively lower cost. A specialist in this particular area, Joel Barker (1992) states about paradigm that it is: A set of rules and regulations (written or unwritten) that does two things; (1) it establishes and defines boundaries; and (2) it tells you how to behave inside the boundaries in order to be successful.

Organizational Behavior - The Vancouver 2011 Stanley Cup Riots Research Paper

Organizational Behavior - The Vancouver 2011 Stanley Cup Riots - Research Paper Example Organizational theories at play One of the organization’s theories that were applicable in the case is the McCleland’s need theory. This is a motivation theory that explains behavior at individual level and reviews â€Å"personality and learnt needs† (Nelson and Quick, 2010, p. 156). McCleland’s theory argues that people’s behaviors and efforts towards achievement are driven by three major needs, â€Å"need for achievement, for power and for affiliation† (Nelson and Quick, 2010, p. 156). The need for achievement relates to individual’s focus to embrace difficulties towards successful realization of objectives. People who are driven by the need to achieve persevere conditions, plan, and influence to make sure that their expectations are met. The need for power on the other hand relates to the need and capacity to influence an individual’s immediate environment. It involves influencing other people to an individual’s contro l. This need is particularly exhibited in planning and running of an event that involve a group’s participation. The need for affiliation is on the other hand concerned with interpersonal relationships among people and entails emotional expressions and interactions among people in a set up (Nelson and Quick, 2010). ... Similarly, the attendants need to achieve their objective of being part of the game witnessed their early and general turn up for the event. Need for power is also explained through the influence that resulted into the riots. This is because only a small number of individuals started the idea of rioting and influenced others into it. Similarly, the need for affiliation is exhibited by the initiatives of the individual attendants to be involved in the social event, the hokey game. The need was further manifested in the association with the individuals who caused the riots. The other individuals must have been driven by the need to be part of the already rioting group (Nelson and Quick, 2010; Furlong and Keefe, 2011). Abraham Maslow’s theory of hierarchy of needs is also directly applicable to the event. According to the theory, human needs are hierarchical and are satisfied in order of priority. At the basic level of the Maslow’s hierarchy is a set of physiological needs that are prioritized. These include basic needs for survival and are followed by security needs. Subsequently, â€Å"belongingness needs and esteem needs† follow (Daft and Lane, 2007, p. 230). The need for belongingness drives people to being part of groups while the need for self esteem facilitate strife for recognized status of influence in the society. While the need for belongingness was exhibited by the crowds who turned up for the sports event and those that later joined in the riots, either actively as demonstrators or partially as spectators, the need for self esteem was registered among the individuals who organized and fuelled the riots. The latter group must have had a combination of needs to be recognized by the peers as influential and need to achieve (Daft and

Managing information centre in health sector Essay

Managing information centre in health sector - Essay Example The comparison of information management in the health sector as compared to any other organization leads us to notice that apart from the very ‘importance’ of information management and the urgent ‘need’ of it in the health sector it works pretty much in the same way. The health sector competes within itself with various institutions just like any other organizations, the aim is to increase the efficiency or to increase the value of the work done at a lesser cost, and most of it is a duplicate of what other organizations employ. But what is different is the mass sharing of information in a productive manner in order to improve social health overall and speed up the diagnosis to treatment ratio. While other organizations mostly share a major part of their information within itself out of competition, the health sector doesn’t. All of its focus is on the treatment of the patients and of course, the revenue generated regardless of which medical organiza tions do not hold back crucial information. What currently the information management centers are focusing upon is termed as a paradigm shift which may be elaborated by saying that the main effort is upon providing better quality at a relatively lower cost. A specialist in this particular area, Joel Barker (1992) states about paradigm that it is: A set of rules and regulations (written or unwritten) that does two things; (1) it establishes and defines boundaries; and (2) it tells you how to behave inside the boundaries in order to be successful.

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Example for Free

Stereotypes and Prejudice Worksheet Essay Please complete the following exercises, remembering that you are in an academic setting and should remain unbiased, considerate, and professional when completing this worksheet. Part I Select three of the identity categories below and name or describe at least 3 related stereotypes for each: †¢Race †¢Ethnicity †¢Religion †¢Gender †¢Sexual orientation †¢Age †¢Disability CategoryStereotype 1Stereotype 2Stereotype 3 RaceAll Hispanics are gang bangers. Black people are good at basketball. White people cannot dance. GenderWomen are responsible for raising the childrenWomen are not as smart as men. Women should not be race car drivers. Sexual OrientationGay men have HIVGay men are all sissiesAll lesbians have short spiky hair Part II Answer each question in 50 to 100 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢What are the positive aspects of stereotypes, if any? I think there may only be one positive effect to stereotyping. If we look at a group, we can use stereotypes to categorize these groups. We can then identify if there is a problem, and help that group to overcome oppression. If we do not recognize that a certain group is being discriminated against we cannot fix the problem. †¢What are the negative aspects of stereotypes? Most stereotypes seem to have a negative tone towards the group of people they are intended for. Those types of stereotypes can be hurtful because they are opinions that are not the truth. Stereotypes can also affect the way people think about themselves and how they interact with others, for example Muslims are stereotyped as terrorist therefore people avoid Muslims all together. (Schaefer,2012). Part IIIÃ'Ž Answer each question in 50 to 150 words related to those stereotypes. Provide citations for all the sources you use. †¢Define stereotypes and prejudice. What is the difference between stereotyping and prejudice? Use examples to illustrate the differences. The difference between stereotyping and prejudice is that stereotyping is an over-generalization about an entire group assuming that since one person who is of that group does or acts a certain way, the rest of that group does the same. Prejudice is disliking or favoring an entire group because of their race, ethnic, or religious background. An example of stereotyping is all people who have mental disorders are crazy. A prejudice example is that women do not belong in the work force but at home in the kitchen (Schaefer, R. , 2012). †¢What is the relationship between stereotyping and prejudice? When one holds onto the belief or believes the truth behind a stereotype, it can eventually turn into prejudice. Judging one’s actions to the point that the whole group acts or thinks the same way based on that one action can lead to something worse than just a belief or opinion. Profiling an entire group because of one’s action can lead to misunderstandings, wrongful deaths, and wrongful criminalization. Both stereotyping and discrimination are based on generalizations. †¢What can be done to prevent prejudice from occurring? Programs promoting that every person regardless of race, religion, or ethnic background are our equals and unique in his or her own personality. Our media plays a huge role in prejudice in going along with the stereotypes that have been around for decades. If we avoid feeding the stereotypes into our movies, magazines, etc.people will be able to see more diversity as everyday regular. Getting involved in your community is another way to help prevent prejudice. Communicate with your neighbors and people within your community to help bring a sense of togetherness regardless of what your races, religion, or ethnic backgrounds maybe. We also need to teach our children that differences between people are what make life interesting and fun Schaefer, R. , 2012)! Schaefer,R. ,(2012) Racial and Ethnics Groups 13th Edition, Merrill Prentice HallÃ'Ž

Bowlbys Theory of Attachment Essay

Bowlbys Theory of Attachment Essay In the light of changes to the family since 1950 are Bowlbys ideas about care for young children still relevant today? In this paper, Bowlbys theory of attachment and child care will be outlined along with additions from other theorists such as Rutter and Ainsworth. From this we will see how the evolution of the family unit since the 1950s has been affected by such theories along with welfare policy and social theorists which have influenced family life and childcare practices in the UK. Bowlby described attachment as the bond that develops between a baby and its primary caregiver. It is characterised by the interaction patterns which develop in order to fulfil the infants needs and emotional development. Bowlby noted the apparent distress in children separated from their mothers in unusual circumstances e.g. hospitalisation. In studying the more abnormal and distressing situations he attempted to shed light on an understanding of normal emotional attachment development, and how a disruption could prove damaging to the child emotionally and through to adult maturation. Bowlby suggested that the presence of the mother was just as crucial to the baby as being supplied basic needs such as food. His conclusions led him to postulate that the distress at separation from the mother was universal in babies. Bowlby characterised this distress as following the pattern of infant protest, followed by despair and ending in eventual detachment. The term separation anxiety was brought about echoing ethological survival techniques in which patterns of actions enable survival of young animals. Such ideas influenced Bowlby in postulating a significant period attachment of one to five years which was imperative historically to biological survival, and if they were not in place then emotional and intellectual problems would occur in adulthood. This can be seen as a rigid attitude and has played a large part in influencing childcare decisions through the establishment of a connection between maternal absence, child care (including institutional and foster care) and later developmental problems. Studies from Rutter and Ainsworth have agreed with an attachment principle but have developed it to include situational variables such as previous home life, relationships, depth of bonding and care and reasons and reactions of the caregiver in dealing with an absence and return situation that can have an effect on the child above any basic separation. The length of absence, quality of care giving within that absence and inherent flexibility and adaptability of infants as well as their capability to make multiple attachments all need to be taken into account within this area. During the 1940s Bowlby made a connection between the attachment of an infant and mother and the shaping of an infants personality. From this an association was placed on the mother caring for the child instead of working. At this time welfare policies were focussed on a post war development of the family, and working freedoms afforded to women during the war were heavily curtailed as was war time nursery care. Popular policies suggested women should now be investing in their families as a duty. Thus if female workers were not being encouraged politically as an economic asset then child care policy provision was also diminished. Here Bowlbys ideas fuelled policy through popularising images of home based child care and family values by experts. Rutter later influenced changes through his findings of multiple attachment making in children although stressed that continuity of attachment was important. He was in support of child day care as long as it was continuous and high quality, although a preference of parental care was suggested by Rutter. There is a difficulty in isolating variables which result in positive and negative attachments. Indeed some feminists argue that stay at home mothers are often at risk of harming their children through an inability to cope and lack of support from immediate or extended family. Associated with this argument is that of the risk from domestic violence which increases isolation and effects the development of the child even if the primary caregiver is ever present. From the 1950s an increased development of the nuclear family has been argued to provide a duel function. In this the family is seen to provide close personal relationships and act as an economic strategy for development and to maintain stability and control. Such evolution of the family has been characterised by transience and isolation of family units from the extended family and community itself. A close knit extended family can provide more options for child care and support whereas otherwise external methods of care are needed. If maternal proximity with the under-fives is crucial then entire communities would be maladjusted by design and this clearly cannot be held across the board. Again the issue of consistency and quality over quantity of child care can be bought to view. Popular media along with welfare policies have in recent years sought to not only improve childcare and rearing practices, provide support, normalise differing household situations such as lone parent, and expansion and regulation of child day care provision. Feminist theory has been at the forefront of womens re- entry to work force as well as a normalisation of divorce and single parent or co-habiting (step) households. On the other hand the feminist push for womens employment rights has resulted in inevitable contradictions as women are pulled in both directions, and indeed even the act of having children at all is currently considered heavily in an economic light due to the increased cost of living and childcare fees. Nowadays we can see increased governmental intervention in support of the family in the form of lengthening maternity and paternity and parenting care rights, childrens rights, tax credits, flexible working, child care and pre-school provisions and subsidies, and the importance of family environment and child security building in issues of fostering and child protection. Thus the family by whatever shape of form it may take in the UK is heavily affected by the economic requirements and government policy provision. It is now the norm for women to work as well as be responsible for child care and household upkeep. Subsequently it is the norm for mothers to be separated from babies before their first birthday due to monetary need and often this has to be longer than desirable due to a cycle of economic need and high child care fees. Overall, I can conclude that Bowlbys ideas although outdated have persisted through the decades and still influence child rearing and day care decisions. It can be seen as persisting in governmental policy to this day for example, in maternity leave being extended to cover twelve months leave Bowlby would surely support this move. In all Bowlbys ideas of attachment and primary parental care giving remain pervasive and are ingrained within the family unit in the UK, although an acknowledgement of multiple attachments and quality of child care are now highlighted over simply the primary care givers proximity.

Latin America International Cooperative Biodiversity Group Essay

Mission and Background The Latin American International Cooperative Biodiversity Group program (LA ICBG) was established to study semi-arid region biodiversity in Meso and South America in the hopes of discovering natural products suitable for pharmaceutical and pesticide development. It is the first ever large-scale drug discovery study of dryland biodiversity to be undertaken following the International Convention of Biodiversity. Initial findings from the study of semi-arid plants demonstrate potentials for medicines that would target infectious disease and cardiovascular and central nervous system disorders to name a few. However, of equal importance is the project's ability to foster and encourage conservation and sustainable economic development, transforming the concept of biodiversity from a resource to be reaped, into an asset to be developed and protected. The project will also be the first to describe and establish a database of hundreds, even thousands, of dryland plant and endophytic microbe s pecies never before studied or recorded. The activities of the project will also be used as teaching vehicles for college students of all levels, including undergraduate, graduate, and post-doc students. Although pharmaceutical or agrochemical leads may not manifest themselves, many well trained and experienced scientists as well as large quantities of data about dryland biodiversity will certainly be valuable products of the LA ICBG's efforts. Collection Several countries are involved in the collection of specimens and data for the ICBG project, including Mexico, Chile, and Argentina. These countries were chosen because each has large sectors of arid to semi-arid climate zones with a diversity of life unique to those areas.... ...uding relevant background information, called the Flora of Chile web database (see links). Currently, the database is composed of pictures submitted by Prof. Gloria Montenegro of the Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile. Prof. Montenegro has assembled a collection of 200 photographs detailing the native Chilean plants in various stages of growth during a range of seasons. Dr. Barbara Timmerman co-edited a book with Prof. Montenegro entitled Chile Nuestra Flora Util, (), which is a comprehensive and extremely well illustrated guide to the native medicinal plants of all thirteen regions of Chile. Works Cited: Rouhi, A. Maureen. Seeking Drugs in Natural Products. Chemical and Engineering News. April 7, 1997. (pp. 14-29). Timmerman, Barbara N, et al. The Latin American ICBG: The First Five Years. Pharmaceutical Biology. Vol. 37. 1999. (pp. 35-54). references